What term describes a view where life processes require an additional entity beyond physical substances?

The term that best describes a view where life processes require an additional entity beyond physical substances is vitalism. Vitalism posits that living organisms possess a "vital force" or spirit that distinguishes them from inanimate matter. This concept suggests that there are non-physical properties or energies that play a role in the functioning of living beings, which cannot be fully explained by the laws of physics and chemistry alone.

In the context of chiropractic philosophy, vitalism aligns with the idea that a fundamental life force is crucial to health and well-being, and that any disruption in this vital force can lead to disease or discomfort. The emphasis on the innate intelligence of the body and its ability to heal itself is rooted in vitalistic thinking, which highlights the significance of holistic, non-materialistic factors in health care and wellness.